Who is Ummi York's Father?

[Ralph]

My how they change the info on York, the scout for Lewis and Clark. There used to be so much info on him, now it is down. Good thing I saved that info and copied it to power point. This was gleaned from what is notw on UNNM:

"We are descendants of the Mound Builders of this country were the Mound Builders, who are also part of the Washitaw Nation, who are our brethren through our Moor side through Ben York, Malian Moor who mixed in with the Native American Tribes who were already here."
This was gleaned from the PBS site:




York, Captain William Clark’s black “manservant,” accompanied the Lewis and Clark expedition to the Pacific Ocean and back to the East (1803-1806). William Clark’s life-long slave companion, York and William were roughly the same age. He had been bequeathed to William by his father, John Clark, in a will dated July 24, 1799. In 1803, the two lived together in Clarksville, Indiana Territory, opposite Louisville. On October 29, he and Clark, who would become co-commander of the expedition, joined Lewis and “Nine young men from Kentucky” when they stepped aboard the Corps’ keelboat and set off on a journey into history.

York’s alleged first name, “Ben,” cannot be found in the Lewis and Clark journals, nor any other primary source contemporary with his life. Its first known appearance was in the magazine National Geographic, November 1965. The reference for its origin is cited in Charles G. Clarke’s The Men of the Lewis and Clark Expedition (Arthur H Clark Co., Glendale, CA, 1970, p. 38). There, it is explained that National Geographic based the name on information given by a Mr. Jack E. Hodge of Fort Worth, Texas. No records were found to support Mr. Hodge’s opinion. Alternatively, he was alleged to have “made it on his own authority.”<br>
York is virtually unknown to almost all blacks and whites alike. Yet as the journals of the expedition testify, this first black man to cross the continent north of Mexico played a meaningful role in our young nation’s first exploration of the American West. He faithfully performed his share of the duties required of every member in order for the expedition to reach the Pacific and return. His unique features and great strength were viewed with astonishment and awe by Native Americans encountered across the continent. His presence was considered a remarkable phenomenon that enhanced the prestige of the white strangers, who never had been seen previously by the isolated Indian populations.

Journal references of York are sparse the first winter at Camp Dubois (Illinois), the explorers' staging area for the “Corps of Discovery.” Over the five month period, December 12, 1803, to May 14, 1804, York is mentioned only three times. On December 26, Clark observed, “Corps. White house & York Commce sawing with the Whip Saws,” indicating York was involved with work assignments with the men, and not serving Clark full time as a servant.

York is not mentioned again until April 7, 1804, when he accompanied the captains to St. Louis. Clark noted, “Set out at 7oclock in a Canoo with Cap Lewis my servant & one man at 1/2 past 10 arrived at St. Louis.” Lastly, in a roster of the party prepared before departure from Camp Dubois, May 14, Clark lists “2 of us & york,” which has been interpreted to mean that Lewis, Clark and York were a single unit in terms of boat travel and living arrangements.

Little vignettes of York’s attributes began to appear as the expedition was ascending the Missouri River. On June 5, he swam to a “Sand bar to geather Greens for our Dinner,” revealing that he was involved in preparing the captains’ meals, and that he could swim, which several of the men could not do.

Sergeant Charles Floyd, who died August 20 of an apparent ruptured appendix, was first reported gravely ill on August 19. Clark wrote, “[E]very man attentive to him, york prlly [principally].” This brief entry is not expanded upon, but it suggests that York assisted in easing the young soldier’s last hours. Floyd was the only expedition member to die during the mission.

On September 9, Clark “Derected My Servent York with me to kill a Buffalow.” This points to the inseparable lifetime relationship between Clark and York, who had grown up together in the woodlands of Kentucky. Slaves had been prohibited by statute to handle firearms except if they lived on the frontier and had been issued a license by a justice of the peace, which was applied for by their masters. Whatever the case, York appears regularly in the journals as a hunter.

August 25, the captains, together with nine men, including York, hiked nearly 20 miles to examine “Spirit Mound,” a place of “little people” feared by superstitious Indians. The outing, made on a hot, muggy day, was commented upon by Clark in an entry that is totally at odds with York’s traditional image of having been a giant of superb physique and stamina. Clark wrote, “[W]e returned to the boat at Sunset, my servent nearly exosted with heat thurst and fatigue, he being fat and unaccustomed to walk as fast as I went was the cause.”<br>
The original journals of the expedition do not mention York even once in terms of sexual activities. It was not until 1814, when a narrative edition of the journals was published, that certain of Clark’s discussions of the subject he had with the editor were embellished. This has resulted in a lasting impression of York’s assumed sexual prowess, perpetuated by writers of fiction and nonfiction alike, who have greatly magnified the importance of the embellished 1814 version.

[Ralph]

An added dimension to York’s personality was his play-acting, which often took the form of dramatic practical jokes. On October 10, while among the Arikaras, Clark recorded a grotesque scene, describing York’s antics before the Arikaras. The Arikaras “were much astonished at my Black Servent, who made him self more turrible in thier view than I wished him to Doe, telling them that before I caught him he was wild & lived upon people, young children was verry good eating.” That York’s performance was intended as a joke is borne out by Clark’s comment, “he carried on the joke,” implying he went too far.

That York had sincere concern for the safety of the expedition members, particularly Clark, is illustrated in an episode involving Clark, Sacgawea, her son, and her husband, Toussaint. The four were nearly washed into the Missouri when they were caught in a flash flood. Believing the four had become lost, York disregarded his own safety during the height of the storm and searched for them. Clark wrote that they reached the rim of the canyon “safe where I found my servent in serch of us greatly agitated, for our wellfar.”<br>
On July 7, York became ill. Clark wrote, “[M]y man York sick, I give him a dosh of Tarter” (to induce vomiting) Lewis later commented, “[H]e was much better in the evening.” There are numerous instances of the members being sick, including Clark, Sacagawea and also her infant. York appears to have enjoyed good health during most of the expedition’s 28 months.

In Clark’s tabulations of “Creeks and Rivers,” listed independently of the narrative journals, is the entry, “Yorks 8 Islands,” and under remarks is “W.C. on land York tired.” The captains followed the practice of naming geographic features after prominent persons who somehow had been connected with the expediton, including President Jefferson and his attributes, viz Philanthropy, Philosphy, and Wisdom Rivers; his cabinet; and as far as can be determined, every Corps member, including Seaman, Lewis’s Newfoundland dog.

In August, Lewis and a three man party scouted ahead of Clark and the others, who were following in the canoes. Lewis had found the Shoshones, from whom the Corps desperately needed to obtain horses and a guide for the high mountain country that lay ahead. Some of the Indians were skeptical of the strange white men’s motives, fearful they “were in league with the Pakees,” their word for enemy. Lewis kept stalling them, waiting for Clark and the others to arrive. Lewis related in his journal, “ome of the party [with him] told the Indians that we had a man with us who was black and had short curling hair, this had excited their curiossity very much, and they seemed quite as anxious to see this monster as they were the merchandize which we had to barter for their horses.”<br>
When Clark arrived, Lewis wrote, “[T]o the Indians, every article about us appeared to excite astonishment in ther minds; the appearance of the men, their arms, the canoes, our manner of working them. the black man york and the sagacity of my dog were equally objects of admiration.” Through the circumstance that Sacagawea was one of their own -- she was the sister of the chief -- and the captains’ fair treatment in the trading, the party obtained sufficent horses to pack their equipment, and a few for riding. When they reached the Flathead Indians, the expedition traded with them and obtained horses for all of the members. York was among those walking until his “feet became so sore that he had to ride on horseback.”<br>
York is not mentioned during the 11-day period the explorers spent struggling to survive while passing through the Bitterroot Mountains along the ancient Lolo trail. They encountered fallen timber, bone-chilling cold, and slippery, hazardous travel during an early season snowstorm. Game was virtually nonexistent in the high mountain country. The explorers resorted to eating three colts they had purchased for that contingency. These, together with a supply of “portable soup” -- a common emergency ration during Colonial times -- were not very tasty, but they kept them going. Reaching the villages of the Nez Perce Indians, they were treated to a feast of salmon, roots, and berries. To their dismay, the new diet made them extremely ill.

York is not mentioned again until the party reached the tidal waters of the Columbia River. Here he is found “shooting two geese and brant” near a temporary base camp they established on the north (Washington State) shore of the river. Then, joining Clark and several others, he walked 19 miles to see the “main ocean.” Standing on beach, he became the first black man to have crossed the continent north of Mexico.

Finding little game and exposed to the fierce winter storms blowing in from the ocean on the north shore, the party elected to cross the river, where local Indians advised that deer and elk were plentiful. An actual vote of the members was recorded; it included the vote of a woman, Sacagawea, and a black man, York.

Reaching the south (Oregon) shore, the men commenced building their 1805-1806 winter quarters, which they named Fort Clatsop for their neighbors, the Clatsop Indians. Clark wrote that York helped construct the fort, “[M]y boy york verry unwell from violent colds & strains carrying in meet and lifting logs on the huts to build them.” Clark reported York sick three time in December, as were several of the other men.

The journals are silent on how York spent the winter at the fort, during which Clark mentioned the explorers, when not occupied, “were snug in their rooms.” York no doubt joined the hunters in providing food for the table, and as did all the others, probably spent many hours making moccasins and buckskin clothing for the return journey. When the time for departure was nearing, the captains drafted a notice that explained they were Americans sent out by the government to explore the interior of the continent. The names of all the members were listed, including “York, a black man of Captain Clark’s.” One was posted on the fort and copies were given to local Indians, one of which was passed to a ship’s captain, who carried it around the world.

York is not mentioned again until the party returned to the villages of the Nez Perce Indians along today’s Clearwater River, Idaho. Here, the captains, to prevent duplicating the terrible westbound experience in the Bitteroots, had York cross the river with others, entrusting them with trade goods to barter for staple food items. Lewis was pleased with their eventual purchases: “n the evening they returned with about 3 bushels of roots and some bread having made a succesful voyage, not much less pleasing to us than the return of a good cargo to an East India Merchant.”<br>
As a member of Clark’s return detachment exploring the Yellowstone River, York is mentioned on five different occasions. In addition, Clark named a small tributary stream “York’s Dry River,” making it the second geographic feature named for his manservant. The last mention of York in any of the diarists’ journals is Clark’s August 3 entry. Upon reaching the confluence of the Yellowstone with the Missouri, Clark reported that he had floated down the river 636 miles “in 2 Small Canoes lashed together in which I had the following Person. John Shields, George Gibson, William Bratten, W. Labeech, Tous’ Shabono his wife & child & my man York.”<br>
Arriving at St. Louis about noon, September 23, 1806, Clark noted, “[W]e Suffered the party to fire off their pieces as a Salute to the Town. we were met by all the village and received a harty welcom from it’s inhabitant &c.” York publically shared in the warm welcome. By one account, “Even the negro York, who was the body servant of Clark, despite his ebony complexion, was looked upon with decided partiality, and received his share of adulation.”<br>
But when York returned to daily life, he again became a slave. He asked Clark for his freedom, or to be hired out near Louisville to be closer to his wife, who had a different owner. At first, Clark refused, but in 1809, he sent York to Kentucky.

Eventually, at least 10 years after the expedition, Clark granted York his freedom. York went into the freighting business in Kentucky and Tennessee, and purportedly died of cholera sometime before 1832."

When the info on York was up on the UNNM, it was stated that he married Sacagawea. Master-9 or Nar, point me to where I can find this information to be true.

[Ralph]

Born on the Bayou
The Washitaw Nation, a Louisiana separatist group led by an eccentric 'empress,' has come under the microscope of multiple investigations



Starting Small
The first chapter in the strange story of the Washitaw 'empress' took place in a tiny northern Louisiana town.
» Read More


It was the night of the "high waters" on the Louisiana bayou when the "empress of the Washitaw" was born. A levee on the Mississippi had broken, and a swirling, stinking flood was raging outside as she burst from her mother's womb onto the cold, cement floor of a public courthouse. Within seconds, the empress says, there was a sign.
"I was born in my placenta," Her Highness explains. "I kicked out of it on my own, and then [the placenta] rolled up on my head like a crown."

And so, on that stormy night 72 years ago, Verdiacee Turner — the woman who would one day call herself Empress Verdiacee "Tiari" Washitaw-Turner Goston El-Bey — came into this world.

She didn't know it then, but after stints as a civil rights activist, a small-town mayor, an accused embezzler and an amateur historian, she would, she says, finally find her rightful place as supreme ruler of the ancient, 30 million-acre empire known as Washitaw De Dugdahmoundyah — the Washitaw Moorish Nation.

Officialdom is not amused. A major, multiagency federal investigation is looking into the dealings of the Washitaw Nation and its principals, and the states of Colorado and Louisiana have opened their own criminal probes.

Authorities are investigating possible money laundering and offshore banking fraud, the sale of apparently illegal license plates and other practices derived from antigovernment "common-law" ideology.

The empress denies any illegal dealings.

Partners with Problems
But difficulties are beginning to crop up around her. Already, her one-time "minister of finance" has pleaded guilty to bank fraud and conspiracy. Officials say her current legal advisor, a man who recently gave her a Mercedes that may have been acquired fraudulently, has a history of larceny and theft arrests. Another associate was convicted in a federal court in November on 11 counts of bank and mail fraud.

Around the country, people have been jailed for using Washitaw license plates and driver's licenses. And although charges were ultimately dropped, the empress, then going by her married name of Verdiacee Goston, was indicted in 1984 for the alleged embezzlement of $150,000 in federal funds.

Like the neighboring Republic of Texas (ROT), a separatist group that claims Texas was illegally annexed by the United States in 1845, the Washitaw's empress claims that the land sold by France to the United States in the 1803 Louisiana Purchase was fraudulently obtained — and actually belongs to her.

Like ROT, too, the Washitaw Nation employs the pseudo-legal language and theories of "common law" — an ideology birthed by hard-line American white supremacists in the 1970s and 1980s.

But the Washitaw are not white supremacists.

They are, in the weird language of the empress, "indigenous" — descendants of the "Ancient Ones," the "black ones" who Goston insists peopled this continent tens of thousands of years before white Europeans arrived.

The empress, a grandmotherly black woman who wears graying dreadlocks, is the living exponent of what her writings describe as the "Emperial" [sic] line of matriarchs, royal women who she says have ruled here from time immemorial.

Driver's Licenses and 'Sovereignty'
This latest empress, a woman who in recent years has developed a fondness for Rolls Royces, Bentleys and Mercedes-Benzes, may have hit on a winning combination.

Using something called the Sanctuary Christian Resource Center as an agent, Washitaw Nation has sold a cornucopia of dubious common-law products — including "driver's licenses" and "registrations" that have turned up in Arizona, California, Colorado, Kansas, Louisiana, Nebraska, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York and Pennsylvania.

A Washitaw birth certificate will run you $65 (send two color photos) and a Washitaw passport (another two photos, please) $250. "To appease those who wish to see a driver's license when you're traveling," there's an "international motorist certificate" for $100, unless you want the $150 commercial model.

Get a two-year "Motorized Conveyance Registration" for $250 ("This procedure," the Washitaw pitch goes, "insulates you from all of the corporate States compulsory insurance laws, licensing and registration requirements, emissions testing, safety inspection and more"). Remember to ship your Certificate of Title to Washitaw's "Ministry of Transportation" once the Registration comes in the mail.

And don't worry about the "corporate" authorities. Washitaw officials will answer the phone if police call, and they promise to make "every attempt" to pacify them.

Another benefit of Washitaw citizenship: no state or federal taxes.

The Washitaw documents, and the theories they derive from, are classic common law, the notion that one can declare one's "sovereignty" and separate from state and federal governments.

Originally, these ideas were propounded by the Posse Comitatus, a violent, racist, anti-Semitic and anti-tax organization that raged across the farm belt in the 1970s and 1980s. Some of this nation's most dangerous terrorists — including Terry Nichols, convicted in the Oklahoma City bombing — were imbued with Posse ideas.

Another aspect of common law used by some Washitaw "citizens" is the filing of false property liens against those perceived as enemies. In June 1997, for instance, self-described Washitaw Ima Deana Conklin 24, was sentenced to two years in a Missouri prison for her part in filing a $10.8 million lien against a judge who refused to throw out a speeding ticket.

Property liens can prevent targets from selling their homes or other property and can, even if meritless, cost thousands of dollars to clear up.

[Ralph]

Born on the Bayou Page 2



Starting Small
The first chapter in the strange story of the Washitaw 'empress' took place in a tiny northern Louisiana town.
» Read More


Mound Builders and 'The Ships of Shitta'
There are a few kernels of truth in the wild story the empress tells, although these are buried in a mountain of pseudo-historical and -archeological gobbledygook in Return of the Ancient Ones, her unpublished book, and other Washitaw literature.
Archeologists have found evidence of an ancient culture in the northern part of Louisiana where Goston operates — the so-called "Mound Builders" that she describes. Historian Roger G. Kennedy writes that the Ouachita area (the preferred spelling of what the empress calls "Washitaw"), especially around Monroe, contains "the most profound mysteries of American ancient architecture."

When European settlers arrived, they reported finding a few remaining Ouachita and evidence of a once-great civilization.

But they are a group "lost to history," writes anthropologist Tristarum Kidder, and almost nothing is known about them. "If some story tellers ... did not assure having seen five or six," French military commander Jean Filhiol wrote in 1786, "one would doubt that a nation so-called might ever have existed."

Goston, though, says she knows the whole story.

The Ancient Ones, the first Washitaws, were Africans — "a highly intelligent race of shipbuilders, masonry [sic], a tribe of Israel, black and bushy-headed" — who crossed the Atlantic and made their way to what is now northern Louisiana. They built octagonal mounds, and traded "via the ships of Shitta."

The empress explains the derivation of their name like this: "Ware-shittinwood or water-shitta-washita — now Washitaw."

Actually, there were some Washitaw here even before the Africans arrived, the empress says, dating to when all the continents of the world were one. Their lands — the lands of all the earth — were known by the indigenous term "Mu."

"Are you aware that you are from Mu?" the empress writes in the January 1999 Washitaw Post. "Are you aware that your beginning was with Queen Mu? She was actually Empress Moo."

And the Cattle Said 'Muu'
Confused? "Muu is the name taught to all nations by the Creator," Goston explains in We are the Washitaw. "All over the planet, the cattle teach the same name, Muu. ... We are in a land called Muu, thus we are the Muurs. ... We are the Ancient Ones."

Further proof of this hidden history lies in the fact that an "Egyptian" city was discovered in 1909 in the Grand Canyon. "No one need wonder why the Grand Canyon had to be flooded by the U.S. federal agencies," writes the empress.

Goston's particular beef with the United States — aside from its "racist and sexist psychopathic" nature — goes back to the Louisiana Purchase. Unknown to conventional history, the empress says, her 30 years of research have turned up a vital fact: Napoleon actually sold only "the streets of New Orleans and a military barracks."

The rest of the Purchase land, she says, was stolen from the Washitaw. And she's doing something about it: She's filed an $80 quadrillion claim against the U.S.

"There's no such thing as the United States of America," Her Highness said. "The U.S.A. never purchased any land and the Washitaws never granted them any. ... They're just the people that came to dinner and stayed."

Washitaw lore today is an interesting cocktail of New Age vocabulary and United Nations tidbits (The UN, Goston insists, registers the Washitaw as indigenous people No. 215). Music buffs will be amazed to learn that the blues came from the Washitaw.

Goston was cured of cancer through traditional Washitaw medicine (although the methods cannot be revealed). And feminists will like the empress' firm belief in matriarchy.

"t has always been the woman who reigned supreme over the family and the nation," Goston writes. "In ancient times she was called Mam-muur, Empress of the Muurs. During more modern times she was simply called Grandma or Mama... ."

Whites and the Washitaw
Despite such unconventional theories, the Washitaw Nation appears to be growing in influence, at least in some circles. The best estimates are that there may be 200 hard-core members, with many thousands more on paper.

There's increasing evidence of Washitaw penetration among followers of Moorish Science, a 70-plus-year-old sect advocating black "sovereignty" from white America.

And now, whites are joining up, too.

When asked about the Washitaw's racial makeup, and if a white person can become a bushy-haired "ancient one," the empress answers with a loud, imperial summons: "Daaaaaaaniel!"

Daniel Joseph Weeks, 48, is an effusive white man who explains that he lives in the "Floridae" province of the Washitaw, a part of which "is what you call Florida." Introduced as the empress' "legal adviser," Weeks says he has been a Washitaw for three years and that he is trained in "natural and international law."

Officials say that Weeks, who's based around Tampa, is also a man with a history. He has a record of theft and larceny arrests in New York and Georgia over a 20-year period, they say. He and partner Richard Allen Charbonnier have been investigated in connection with a Florida real estate fraud, as well as a 1996 pyramid investment scheme in which Weeks was arrested at one point as a material witness, the officials said.

Also in 1996, both men were investigated in a third case, this one involving allegedly fraudulent employment information used to get a loan to buy five luxury cars.

Federal officials expected Weeks to testify against Charbonnier in the case, but when it finally went to trial in 1997 both men claimed immunity from U.S. law under the theory that they were citizens of Washitaw Nation. Despite Weeks' refusal to testify, officials say, Charbonnier was convicted of fraud.

It was one of the cars from this case, a 1988 Mercedes SEL, that Weeks allegedly gave to Goston this January. Goston, however, seemed to want more.

[Ralph]

Born on the Bayou Page 3



Starting Small
The first chapter in the strange story of the Washitaw 'empress' took place in a tiny northern Louisiana town.
» Read More


Rolls Royces and Bentleys
A month after Weeks' apparent gift, Goston and a Washitaw entourage showed up at a luxury car dealership in Miami. After indicating that they might have a claim to the state of Florida thanks to the recent archaeological discovery of an ancient, 38-foot circle carved into Florida's limestone bedrock, the Washitaw officials cut a $750,000 deal with an amazed salesman for seven Rolls Royces and Bentleys.
They would be paying, they announced, in gold and silver coins. They told Richard Kovacs of Brieman Motors that "they don't believe in United States currency and reserve notes," according to a report in The (Monroe, La.) News-Star.

That disdain for U.S. currency hasn't stopped some at least one Washitaw official from doing what he could to obtain more of it.

On Nov. 13, 1996, just days after Washitaw officials struck up a "treaty" with their separatist compatriots in the Republic of Texas, black officials from both groups found themselves together on a Lear jet bound for San Juan, Puerto Rico.

On board were Steven Crear, a former security guard who had been elevated to ROT vice-president; Jasper Baccus, the owner of several laundromats in Dallas, a pillar of the black community there and a man who would become involved in a fraudulent ROT scheme to create a black bank; and Donald Norvile Calhoun, the empress' "minister of finance."

But in San Juan, Secret Service agents seized $1.5 billion in worthless ROT "deposit warrants" — documents that looked like cashier's checks and were supposedly backed up by ROT liens against the government — in Calhoun's briefcase. The men apparently intended to deposit them in a Spanish bank branch.

It was, ROT/Washitaw member Mark Hernandez would tell The Dallas Observer, a process they called "monetizing the lien."

Officials say it was also illegal.

Calhoun, indicted by a federal grand jury that December along with Baccus, Crear and Hernandez for conspiracy and fraud, eventually pleaded guilty. But not before he went on a shopping spree — allegedly, as he told authorities later, for the empress.

Six days after the San Juan arrest, Calhoun was seen driving around Louisiana in a Lexus 400SC, trying to buy $2 million in property in Winnsboro, seat of the Nation.

The Nation responded with outrage after Calhoun was detained, sending out a press release entitled "$2.5 billion stolen!" In it, Goston complained angrily of a "blatant violation" of international law perpetrated by "an estrangled [sic] member" of the UN — the United States. Today, the empress still defends Calhoun, Baccus and Crear.

"They sent three black men to jail who had nothing to do with the money," she says.

Another Goston associate who found himself in trouble with the law was Ronald Griesacker, a 42-year-old Republic of Texas member who officials say frequently visited and lived with Washitaw officials in Louisiana.

Over the last several years, Griesacker, 42, had become one of the country's leading proponents of common law, giving seminars and teaching followers how to concoct phony financial instruments. One of them was Crear, who testified in his own trial that it was Griesacker who had schooled him.

Last November, it ended for Griesacker when he was convicted in Kansas of trying to pass more than $2 million in bogus documents. A federal court found him guilty of nine counts of bank fraud, one of mail fraud and one of conspiracy to commit fraud.

Today, the Nation is believed to have followers in some 20 states. About 100 people attended a Washitaw convention held in January, and more may be joining up.

In her interview, Goston pulled out a large black notebook of applications, complete with photos, and investigators recently found a trove of other applications in Colorado. The benefits of "citizenship," it seems, may well outweigh the empress' eccentricities.

"She is goofy," concludes Gary Clyman, a special investigator for the Colorado attorney general. "But how much of that is just an act? ... I'm pretty amazed at what [investigators] have stumbled on. It blew my mind, the financial aspect."
York has to be careful who is is claiming.

[Master-9]

Nigger, I was born Washitaw watch who you are a attacking .
Just return from my homeland, courtney sorry we didn't hook up

[Ralph]

Master-9 said:

Nigger, I was born Washitaw watch who you are a attacking .
Just return from my homeland, courtney sorry we didn't hook up

And??
Damn, how many movements are you in???

[SisterofLove]

Atun-Re said:

The government to government relationship between the US Government and Native Americans (to be born in America) has never been an easy one. Since the formation of this Republic, called the United States of America (Amaruca), on 4 March 1789, whose constitution was ratified by nine of the original thirteen colonies (9 x 13 = 117 = NUWAUPU, Sound-Right-Reason), Congress has recognised the sovereign status of Indian tribes.

Through the Treaty Clause, 370 treaties with Indian Tribal Nations has been entered. Whereas, the first treaty entered was with the Lenni Lenabe (delaware indians) on 17 september 1778.

A treaty is basically a document on the practice of good social conduct among tribes and/or clans. And according to the Northwest Ordinance of 1787, this obligation calls for Congress to "exercise the utmost good faith in dealing with (Native) Indians."

Young Fire(NAR)

Greetings!!!

Just to clarify a point for all who are concerned and/or interested. Native American/Indians are not considered Sovereign in the arena of International Law. They have never been regarded as constituting persons or States of International law. Chief Justice Marshall, in 1821, described them as:

"They may, more correctly, perhaps, be denominated domestic dependent nations. They occupy a territory to which we assert a title independent of their will......they are in a state of pupilage...they and their country are considered by foreign nations, as well a by ourselves, as being so completely under the sovereignty and dominion of the Unites States, that any attempt to acquire their lands, or to form a political connection with them, would be considered by all as an invasion of our territory and an act of hostility"

Native American/ American Indians are considered Wards of State(United States or the state wherein they reside).

They are just another class of Nigger to the colonialist, and all True Moors KNOW why!!!

[Ralph]

SisterofLove said:

Greetings!!!

Just to clarify a point for all who are concerned and/or interested. Native American/Indians are not considered Sovereign in the arena of International Law. They have never been regarded as constituting persons or States of International law. Chief Justice Marshall, in 1821, described them as:

"They may, more correctly, perhaps, be denominated domestic dependent nations. They occupy a territory to which we assert a title independent of their will......they are in a state of pupilage...they and their country are considered by foreign nations, as well a by ourselves, as being so completely under the sovereignty and dominion of the Unites States, that any attempt to acquire their lands, or to form a political connection with them, would be considered by all as an invasion of our territory and an act of hostility"

Native American/ American Indians are considered Wards of State(United States or the state wherein they reside).

They are just another class of Nigger to the colonialist, and all True Moors KNOW why!!!

Their rights went out of the window when it was agreed that tribal law would fall under the jurisdiction of the US...

[CoUrTnEy]

HOOK UP?? now cuz.. i know you trippin!!

Master-9 said:

Nigger, I was born Washitaw watch who you are a attacking .
Just return from my homeland, courtney sorry we didn't hook up

[chephren]

Keep it coming Ralph..Keep it going while you're flowing... :clap:

[Ralph]

chephren said:

Keep it coming Ralph..Keep it going while you're flowing... :clap:

This was gleaned from the net when I put in the words, Washitaw tribal laws. As I thought, York's site would come up first. Boy did I get a laugh! Dig this:
"That is why we as the Yamassee Native Americans are demanding for the release of our President and Commander in Chief Maku Chief Black Eagle. No one can grant another civil rights it is the right they are born with, the right to choose a government, the right to choose a nationality, the right to liberty and the pursuit of happiness. We are the Yamassee Native Americans and Chief Black Eagle is the direct blood link to Ben York of the Lewis and Clark Expeditions a free Moor. His descendency is of the Yamassee, Original Cherokee, Creek, Seminole, Shushuni, Washitaw Mound Builders and we demand his sovereignty to be recognized.
This is what this whole court case is about. It is about the white bull trying to stomp out the black eagle. Trying to drive the Native Americans away from their native land. This generation up for the battle and we celebrate June 25th as the day that Custard was defeated by our ancestors the natives of this land. We will not allow our Maku to be made a mockery of in the present legal system that is just geared towards the peers of Euro-Americans and not we Moorish Indigenous people by right. We are a recognized nation since the early ‘90’s. Our sovereignty is authenticated by decade old newspaper articles published in an effort to character assassinate our Maku. This fight will not stop until he is released!!!"

I guess the Indians defeated some dessert at little Big Horn. They said, "Custard'! I guess they are talking about this:
Custard's Last Stand: A Pennsylvania Dutch Mystery Recipes
Instead of this:
www.garryowen.com/
I see also he is trying to claim many tribes instead of concetrating on one. Gheesh! When will the game stop? Custard's last stand!!! ;D ;D ;D ;D ;D
www.unnm.com/legal/nativeamericanhumanrights.htm
Hey master-9, Tell your people to get this ish right!!!
I see that they scaled back the date for Ben York from 1883(which would have made him 114 years of age) to 1756-1864. That still would have made him 105 years of age. But damn! He died 32 years earlier. Carter, you guys are going to make my paper the BOMB!!!!!

[GTOM]

MASTER 9 , Do you mean WASHITAW or WICHATAW? Dont let me put you on blast with articles written by your Nation about the Washitaw. Are you going to Now LIE and tell me and everyone in this group that the Nuwaubians Never "shitted" on the Washitaw? Remember when Akhilah Muhammad-El came to the land and Dr York told you what happened? Well she told me another story. A story about "Photocopied Doctored Documents". After the Wasitaw did not accept Dwight York, York then went on to DISCREDIT the Washitaw saying " Oh the Old Ladies Going to Die" and all that.. DONT LET ME PUT YOU ON BLAST !!! SAY SOMETHING.

CUSTARDS LAST STAND... .. DAMN. Who ever wrote that needs to stop FRONTIN. Oh yeah, I knew about the RED BLASERS being what Shriners wear, its just that I honeslty believe that the majority of them have no Real Knowledge and Just Wore the BLaser because MAKU asked them to.

Master-9 said:

Nigger, I was born Washitaw watch who you are a attacking .
Just return from my homeland, courtney sorry we didn't hook up

[chephren]

GTO & Ralph keep swingin' no Let Up if you have the goods "Drop It Like It's Hot"!

[Ralph]

GTO said:

MASTER 9 , Do you mean WASHITAW or WICHATAW? Dont let me put you on blast with articles written by your Nation about the Washitaw. Are you going to Now LIE and tell me and everyone in this group that the Nuwaubians Never "shitted" on the Washitaw? Remember when Akhilah Muhammad-El came to the land and Dr York told you what happened? Well she told me another story. A story about "Photocopied Doctored Documents". After the Wasitaw did not accept Dwight York, York then went on to DISCREDIT the Washitaw saying " Oh the Old Ladies Going to Die" and all that.. DONT LET ME PUT YOU ON BLAST !!! SAY SOMETHING.

CUSTARDS LAST STAND... .. DAMN. Who ever wrote that needs to stop FRONTIN. Oh yeah, I knew about the RED BLASERS being what Shriners wear, its just that I honeslty believe that the majority of them have no Real Knowledge and Just Wore the BLaser because MAKU asked them to.

You know he put a markup on that!!!! Master-9, you still wear those shoes???