Here is a more fair and balanced study on circumcision. And its recent too! The circumcision decision
From MayoClinic.com
Special to CNN.com
If you have a baby boy, one of the first decisions you'll face after birth is whether to have him circumcised. Circumcision is a surgical procedure performed to remove the skin covering the tip of the penis.
Although circumcision is fairly common in the United States, it has become controversial. The American Academy of Pediatrics doesn't recommend routine circumcision of all male newborns, saying there isn't enough evidence to prove the operation's benefit. Before you decide whether to have your son circumcised, talk to other parents of boys about what they chose and why. In making your decision, you'll be weighing:
Religious beliefs. Many Jewish and Muslim parents throughout the world have their sons circumcised for religious and cultural reasons, as they have for centuries.
Health and hygiene issues. Circumcision prevents inflammation and infection of the penile foreskin and makes it easy to keep the end of the penis clean. Once a boy is circumcised, washing the penis with soap and water is all that's necessary.
Personal preferences. Some parents choose circumcision to make sure their son will be like his family members or peers. On the other hand, many people feel strongly that because circumcision alters the body irreversibly, it shouldn't be done until the boy is old enough to give his consent. Others oppose circumcision simply because it's unnecessary.
Adult circumcision
Knowing about the procedure's potential health benefits and risks can help you make an informed decision.
Potential benefits of circumcisionSome research suggests that circumcision has health benefits, including:
Decreased risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Although the risk of UTIs in the first year is low, various studies suggest that UTIs may be as much as 10 times more common in uncircumcised baby boys than in those who are circumcised. Uncircumcised boys are also more likely to be admitted to the hospital for a severe UTI during the first three months of life. Severe UTIs early in life can lead to kidney problems later on.
Urinary tract infection
Decreased risk of cancer of the penis. Although this type of cancer is very rare, circumcised men show a lower incidence of cancer of the penis than do uncircumcised men.
Slightly decreased risk of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Some studies have shown a lower risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human papillomavirus (HPV) infections in circumcised men. Still, safe sexual practices are much more important in the prevention of STDs than is circumcision.
HIV/AIDS
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Prevention of penile problems. Occasionally, the foreskin on an uncircumcised penis may narrow to the point where it's difficult or impossible to retract, a condition called phimosis. Circumcision may then be needed to treat the problem. A narrowed foreskin can also lead to inflammation of the head of the penis (balanitis).
Yeast infection in men
Ease of hygiene. Circumcision makes it easier to wash the penis. An intact foreskin, however, isn't really an obstacle to cleanliness. Normally the foreskin adheres to the end of the penis in a newborn, then gradually stretches back during early childhood. Until the foreskin retracts, all you have to do is wash your baby's genital area gently with soap and water. Later, your son can learn to gently pull the foreskin back and cleanse the tip of the penis with soap and water.
Potential risks of circumcision
In general, circumcision is considered to be a safe procedure, and the risks related to it are minor. Several studies found the overall complication rate of circumcision to be around 0.2 percent. Circumcision does have some risks and possible drawbacks, including:
Bleeding and infection. All surgical procedures, including circumcision, carry certain risks, such as excessive bleeding and infection. There's also a possibility that the foreskin may be cut too short or too long, or that it won't heal properly. If the remaining foreskin reattaches to the end of the penis, another minor operation may be needed to correct it. These occurrences are uncommon.
Pain. Circumcision does cause pain. Typically a local anesthetic is used to block the nerve sensations. Talk to your doctor about what type of anesthesia might be used.
Permanence. Following most circumcisions, it would be difficult to make the penis look uncircumcised.
Cost. Some insurance companies don't cover the cost of circumcision. If you're considering circumcision, find out whether your insurance company will cover it.
If your baby is born prematurely, circumcision may need to be postponed. Babies with an abnormality in which the urethral opening is in an abnormal position on the side or base of the penis (hypospadias) shouldn't be circumcised. An intact foreskin is sometimes needed for surgical correction of this malformation. Other conditions that make circumcision inadvisable include an illness with high fever, ambiguous genitalia or a family history of hemophilia.
Hypospadias
Male hypogonadism
Hemophilia
Fever
Circumcision doesn't affect fertility or prevent masturbation. Whether it enhances or detracts from sexual pleasure for men or their partners hasn't been proved. Research on circumcision is ongoing. More studies are needed to verify some of the claims made about the procedure. The good news is that whatever your choice, negative outcomes are rare and mostly minor.
The circumcision procedure
Usually, circumcision is done before you and your son leave the hospital, although it's sometimes done in an outpatient setting. The procedure itself takes about 15 minutes and is generally performed before the morning feeding. Typically, the baby lies on a tray with his arms and legs restrained. After the penis and surrounding area are cleansed, an anesthetic is injected into the base of the penis. A special clamp or plastic ring is attached to the penis, and the foreskin is cut away. An ointment, such as petroleum jelly, is applied. The penis is then wrapped loosely with gauze.
In the first week, the tip of your son's penis may seem raw, and yellowish mucus may appear on the skin. This is normal. A small amount of bleeding is also common for the first day or two.
Circumcision care
It's OK to wash the penis while the circumcision wound is healing. With each diaper change, clean the diaper area gently and apply a dab of petroleum jelly to the tip of the penis to keep it from sticking to the diaper. If there's a bandage, change it with each diapering as well. It takes about seven to 10 days for the penis to heal.
Sometimes a plastic ring is used instead of a bandage. The ring remains on the end of the penis until the edge of the circumcision has healed, usually within a week. The ring then drops off on its own.
When to seek medical attention
Problems after a circumcision are rare. But call your baby's doctor or nurse practitioner in the following situations:
Your baby doesn't urinate normally within six to eight hours after the circumcision.
Bleeding or redness persists around the tip of the penis.
The penis tip is swollen.
The penis tip emits foul-smelling fluid or develops crusted, fluid-containing sores.
March 02, 2004
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